Publication

This report examines the hidden, often shifting networks through which North Korean refugees seek better lives in China and third countries. It analyzes the factors leading to cross-border migration and why the networks were forced underground. The report also focuses on the activities of network operators and North Koreans in China. It further traces the long, uncertain journey out of China and into transit and resettlement countries. The report concludes by discussing ways to improve the situation for refugees and asylum seekers.