Publication

This report attempts to shed light on current cybersecurity policies as a facet of a country’s overall national security policy, particularly how cyberdefense is embedded in a state’s cybersecurity posture. To that end, it examines the policies of four important European actors – France, Finland, Germany and the United Kingdom. The authors find that despite differences in these countries’ approaches, there is a trend toward civilian leadership and oversight and centralizing control and implementation responsibility for cybersecurity and cyberdefense.