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Fissile materials are those elements that "can sustain an explosive fission chain reaction" and "are essential in all nuclear explosives", the most common being highly enriched uranium (HEU) and plutonium. Since the early days of the Cold War, banning the production of fissile materials for nuclear devices has been a primary goal for advocates of nuclear disarmament. As early as 1953 US President Dwight Eisenhower called for their elimination in his "Atoms for Peace" speech before the United Nations.