Publication

This paper assesses Russia’s progress in democratization, including in the areas of elections, media rights, civil society, and federalism. Four scenarios of possible future political developments are suggested — a continuation of the current situation of “managed democracy,” deepening authoritarianism, further democratization, or a chaotic interlude — and evidence and arguments are weighed for each. Lastly, U.S. policy and implications for U.S. interests, congressional concerns, and issues for Congress are analyzed.