Publication

This brief argues that although Egypt's 2012 constitution has a stronger emphasis on religion, its character is largely secular. The constitutional text contains new provisions to strengthen human rights and democratic values. However, there remains a relatively weak emphasis on curbing presidential powers. In concluding, the author argues that the constitution privileges the state as a protector of its citizens. This parallels the intent of the 1971 Constitution, indicating that some aspects of Egypt's authoritarian path will become part of Egypt's ongoing transition.