Publication

This report offers a comparison of the EU’s energy relations with Norway and Russia. More specifically, the authors 1) set out the legal, economic and political contexts of the two relationships; 2) examine how successful EU competition law has been in dealing with Statoil and Gazprom, Norway and Russia's largest energy companies, as well as whether the treatment of these two firms has varied; 3) discuss possible paths of development for energy union in the EU as well as whether the Union should consider creating other policy tools to deal with external gas suppliers. Finally, the authors provide recommendations for Poland and Norway on what policies to adopt towards EU energy union.