Publication

This report explores the implications of Kazakhstan's, Turkmenistan's and Uzbekistan's oil and natural gas wealth for their respective economic and social development, finding in all three countries signs of a resource curse. The paper presents an overview of the three countries, outlines their present and possible future oil and gas exports and examines their economic and social development. Subsequently, the paper assesses the importance of energy revenues for the country's internal stability and Central Asia's relevance for the EU's energy security. The paper states that Central Asia cannot improve the EU's energy security.