Publication

This report examines the extent and evolution of Russian proxy forces’ operations in eastern Ukraine, arguing that these forces continue to threaten Ukraine, Europe, and US national security interests. The text’s author contends that these forces only retain the capability to fight the Ukraine’s armed forces due to direct Russian backing. Further, via its proxy forces, Russia continues to inflict major costs on Ukraine, use violence as a lever of influence, and attempt to impede critical political and economic reform efforts by Ukraine's leaders. The report concludes by looking at how the US and its allies should respond to help preserve a Europe that is whole, free and at peace.