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Hot wars pose distinct challenges to peacemaking efforts. In fluid and quickly changing contexts, coordination is difficult, information is highly politicized, and actors are tempted to rush in without proper preparation.

This book chapter explores how provisions on natural resources in peace agreements can be stepping stones to peace and improved natural resource management in post-conflict contexts.

Irregular migration to Europe and the rise of the so-called Islamic State (IS) in Libya have increased the urgency of restoring order to this oil-rich country. What role should international actors play? The new unity government will need to impose its authority in a country where localism and armed militias still hold sway. International actors should ensure that their engagement supports the political process and the unity government.