Publication

This paper examines three “contradictions” which are frustrating France’s ability to establish a more peaceful relationship with its Muslim community. The inconsistencies include 1) the weak association between religious accessibility and violent radicalization; 2) the contradicting pressures on how to behave in public spaces; and 3) growing discrepancies between the practice and interpretation of laïcité, which insists on the separation of state and religious institutions. Needless to say, these gaps need to be reduced if true national unity and cohesion is to occur.