Publication

This paper reviews Kyrgyzstan's development as a state since independence in 1991, focusing on the record of former president Askar Akayev and the upheavals following his ousting. The paper summarizes basic features of Akayev's rule, identifies implications of his ousting for the fiscal and coercive potential of the state and draws conclusions. The paper states that the stealing of resources and offices and the manipulation of law enforcement have become permanent, systemic dynamic features of the Kyrgyz state.