Publication

Based on first-​hand field experience with the UN in Africa, this study analyzes how third parties engage armed groups in the negotiation and implementation of peace agreements that include DDR provisions. The study specifically focuses on this question in extremely fragile contexts, where the state’s institutions are weak and non-​state armed groups control large territories and natural resources. Examples include the Central African Republic and Libya. The study also explores ways forward, highlighting the need for contextualized and inclusive negotiations along with the development of governance capacity linking the local and national level.