Publication

The article addresses intelligence failures focusing particularly on those which ensued in the aftermath of the terrorist attacks of 11 September 2001. It argues that intelligence, and particularly western intelligence, cannot be completely at fault for the failure to identify the occurrence of historical discontinuity events. The author concludes that western policymakers and economic advisers, as well as socio-economic elites' performance, reveal flaws in long-term policy planning and decision-making throughout the 1980s and 1990s which had serious repercussions for strategic intelligence analysis.