Publication

This paper contends that the past few years has seen a substantial increase in state attacks on critical information systems around the globe. Indeed, the pace and severity of these attacks show no sign of declining, in good part because there have usually been little or no consequences or costs imposed on those who carried them out. So how can the international community create credible consequences for state-sponsored cyberattacks and help deter their use? Here are this text’s authors eight key recommendations.