Publication

This publication maps the foreign military presence in the Horn of Africa since 2001, when such engagement started to increase due to counterterrorism efforts after a period of post-Cold War decline. The paper first examines national missions to the region, including those of China, India, Iran, Russia, Saudi Arabia, the US and many more. It then addresses the four distinct multilateral missions to the Horn that have taken place since 2002. Throughout the paper, the text’s author highlights the growing importance of geopolitical, commercial and military competition in current deployments of foreign military forces to the region.