Publication

This paper looks at how EU sanctions work and whether they succeed. The author first examines the EU's sanction decision-making process and its record of restrictive measures. He then looks at the sanctions the EU placed on Iran, Zimbabwe, Burma and four other countries from the Middle East and examines whether they achieved what they set out to do: coerce, constrain and signal. Finally, he provides recommendations for the EU on how to improve its sanctioning process and discusses the future role of sanctions in EU foreign policy.