Publication

This paper contends that European governments’ ability to have a voice in the world is under threat, as demonstrated by the impact of the US’ withdrawal from the Iran nuclear deal, including on European companies’ decisions to pull out of Iran. In response, the text’s authors lay out Europe’s vulnerabilities in the policy issue areas of international economic policy, sanctions, Artificial Intelligence (AI), defense, hybrid threats and multilateral institutions. To help address these problems, the report also include 56 specific policy recommendations for improving Europe’s capacity to act on the world stage.