Publication

This report argues that the EU and Russia have become locked in open battle over the norms of international conduct, between liberal universalism and authoritarian statism. One front line in this struggle is Russia’s interference in European internal affairs, which involves efforts to undermine the Western liberal consensus from within through the support of Europe’s anti-establishment forces. While EU member states are remarkably united in their assessment of the situation, they have not translated this unity into an effective strategy to deal with issue. For the text’s author, this is because such a strategy cannot not just focus on countering Russia, but on Europe’s resilience and the Western model’s reinvigoration.