Publication

This paper uses space exploration as a metaphor to demystify some of the concepts and challenges linked to cyber-related policymaking, with a particular focus on the EU’s cyber sanctions regime. The text contends this newly-established regime represents a significant achievement in the EU’s ambition to defend the rules-based international order, and ensure broader global adherence to agreed norms of responsible behavior in cyberspace. However, the scale of the challenge of this ambition should not be underestimated. In light of this, the paper also explores lessons from other EU sanctions regimes to highlight key issues relevant for ensuring the maximum effectiveness of the new regime.