Publication

This publication provides an in-depth analysis of Russian cyber strategies. More specifically, it analyzes 1) Russia’s domestic and international cyber activities, 2) different cyberattacks in Europe that have been attributed to the Kremlin, 3) how the EU and NATO have been responding to these cyber challenges on the diplomatic, informational, political, and security fronts, and more. The text’s authors conclude that Russia’s aggressive use of cyber tools has led the US and many European states to adopt more defensive cyber strategies, and that as a result Russia may have lost the strategic advantage it has hitherto enjoyed in what is becoming an increasingly contested domain.