Publication

This paper examines the position of Egypt’s labor movement and its relations with the Egyptian state. More specifically, the authors focus on such relations during three periods: 1) prior to the ouster of President Mubarak in 2011; 2) the time under President Morsi’s rule (2011-2013); and 3) in the period since President el-Sisi took office in 2013. They also examine government policy and legislation dealing with labor groups, strikes and protests as well as the tactics of the labor movement in these three periods. A key argument of the paper is that since 2013, the Egyptian state has outlawed protests, strikes, and sit-ins and has mounted an attempt to repress the independent labor movement, something which will likely lead to the waning of the labor movement in the near future.