Publication

This publication reviews past, present, and planned arsenals for each of the world’s declared nuclear powers and highlights some notable asymmetries in the composition of those arsenals that could impact strategic stability. More specifically, it outlines 1) how the nuclear balance has evolved over time, and key characteristics of the future balance; 2) the evolution of national arsenals from 1989 until today and ongoing modernization plans; 3) asymmetries between nuclear powers, and how that might affect nuclear competitions, the likelihood of nuclear crises, and the prospects for nuclear escalation, and more